1. Explore - Understanding GMOs and Their Impact

1.2 How Genetic Modification Works (Basic Principles)

Genetic modification involves identifying a gene with a desired trait and inserting it into another organism. This process typically includes:

• Isolating a specific gene from one organism (e.g., Bt toxin gene from bacteria).
  Inserting the gene into a vector (often a plasmid).
• Transferring the gene into the target organism (e.g., via Agrobacterium or gene gun).
• Ensuring the new gene is expressed correctly.​

This allows organisms to gain new characteristics, such as resistance to pests, tolerance to herbicides, or the ability to produce useful substances like insulin.