1. Explore - Genetic Diseases: Challenges and Solutions

1.3 Common Genetic Diseases

Genetic diseases can be grouped based on how they arise:

• Monogenic (Mendelian) diseases are caused by mutations in a single gene. Examples include cystic fibrosis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and hemophilia A.
• Multifactorial genetic diseases result from interactions between multiple genes and environmental factors, such as certain metabolic or neurological disorders.
• Chromosomal disorders, such as Down syndrome, are caused by extra or missing chromosomes and affect overall development.

Studying these conditions helps scientists understand how specific genetic changes lead to observable biological effects.