Factors Affecting Photosynthesis and Their Role in Bio-Inspired Solar Technology

2. Carbon Dioxide Concentration: Fuel for Carbon Fixation

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is essential for the Calvin cycle, where it is converted into glucose. The higher the CO₂ concentration, the faster the rate of carbon fixation—up to a certain limit. However, at very high concentrations, the effect levels off due to limitations in enzyme activity and energy supply.

• Limiting CO₂ Levels: In low-CO₂ environments, photosynthesis slows down because plants cannot efficiently generate sugars.
• Industrial and Urban Impact: Increased CO₂ levels from human activities enhance photosynthesis but may also lead to climate imbalances affecting plant growth.
• Bio-Inspired Solar Connection: Scientists are exploring ways to capture and utilize CO₂ efficiently in artificial photosynthesis, developing systems that convert atmospheric CO₂ into sustainable fuels (Wang et al., 2022).