1. Explore - Understanding GMOs and Their Impact
1.1 What Are Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)?
Figure 1. The Process of Plant Genetic Engineering. Source: https://passel2.unl.edu/view/lesson/7f79e74ec2cd/8
A genetically modified organism (GMO) is an organism whose genetic material has been deliberately altered using genetic engineering techniques. Unlike traditional breeding, which selects traits over many generations, genetic modification allows scientists to introduce specific genes directly into an organism's genome. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_organism)
Example: Bt maize, engineered with a bacterial gene (Bacillus thuringiensis) for pest resistance.​ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_organism)
GMOs can be plants, animals, or microorganisms. They are commonly used in agriculture to improve crop resistance, productivity, or nutritional value, and in biotechnology and medicine for research and production purposes.
To support students’ understanding of genetically modified organisms, learners are encouraged to watch a short introductory video explaining what GMOs are and how they are created. The video provides a clear, accessible overview of genetic modification processes and real-life examples, helping students build a common foundation before analysing GMO impacts through modelling and Augmented Reality activities.
Video: What Are Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)?