2. Execute

Hands-on Experimentation and Practical Investigation

In the Execute phase students apply the concepts introduced in the Explore phase through structured experimental activities. The objective is to develop practical scientific skills such as measurement, observation, data analysis, and teamwork.

Experiments allow students to verify the physical laws governing light and to understand how different materials influence light behavior.

Experiment 1: Reflection

Students investigate the law of reflection using mirrors and a light source.

Materials

• Plane mirror
• Laser pointer or flashlight
• Protractor
• Paper and pencil

Procedure
Students direct a light beam toward the mirror and measure the angles of incidence and reflection using a protractor.

Observation
Students verify that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.

Experiment 2: Refraction

Students explore how light bends when passing through different materials.

Materials

• Transparent container filled with water
• Pencil or straw
• Laser pointer or flashlight

Procedure
Students shine light through the container and observe how the direction of the beam changes.

Observation
Students observe that light bends when entering and leaving the water.

Experiment 3: Absorption

Students investigate how different materials absorb light.

Materials

• Colored paper
• Thermometer
• Light source

Procedure
Students expose different colored surfaces to light and measure temperature changes.

Observation
Darker colors typically absorb more light energy and become warmer.

Data Analysis

Students record observations in tables and compare results with other groups.

They discuss questions such as:

• Why do some materials reflect more light than others?
• Why does light bend when passing through water or glass?
• How does color affect absorption?

Students prepare a short group report summarizing their results and interpretations.

Role of Augmented Reality in the Execute Phase

AR technology can support the experimental phase by allowing students to simulate experiments or visualize underlying processes. AR tools can display the path of photons, show how light waves propagate, or illustrate atomic-level interactions.
For example, students can observe virtual representations of photons interacting with materials, making it easier to understand processes that cannot be seen directly.