Arduino UNO microcontroller

The Arduino UNO microcontroller (here and thereafter referenced as “UNO”) has limited computational resources comparing to desktop PCs, laptops, tablets or even mobile phones, but it is completely suitable for our task – deploying a controlled motion:

UNO could be connected to a Windows PC through an USB cable, to supply the power and to load a software program;
The software is usually developed in a limited version of C programming language inside a special Arduino software development environment called SKETCH. It is worth to mention, that the software could also be designed and tested in the Tinker CAD, then exported as a file, read by SKETCH, compiled and loaded to an UNO device.
The UNO with loaded program can operate without a PC and control connected devices, when powered independently (7-12 Volts DC power supply or 9V battery recommended).

^{Figure 37. Arduino UNO microcontrolled and SKETCH programe development environment. One can notice the only two procedures executed by UNO, that should be designed: setup() – initialisation of a SBC; and loop() – to be repeated until the power is supplied.}

^{Figure 38. „Circuits“ section (left column) in Tinker CAD}