Introduction

Stem cells give us hope that many diseases will be curable in the future. In fact, thanks to them, we can imagine a future in which a heart damaged by a heart attack can be repaired, in which blindness caused by a corneal injury can be cured, or in which people with paralysis can walk again. These scenarios may seem like science fiction, but they are at the heart of cutting-edge research on stem cells.

Unlike most cells in the body, which are locked into a single identity, stem cells are different. They are nature's “master builders”: capable of both creating endless copies of themselves and transforming into many specialised cells - blood, nerves, skin or muscle. By studying and harnessing these extraordinary cells, doctors and scientists hope to discover powerful new ways to treat disease, repair tissue and perhaps even regenerate entire organs.

This teaching unit invites students to explore the world of stem cells using the three E's methodology:

• Explore: build a solid foundation of knowledge about stem cells and their role in medicine.
• Experiment: experience how stem cells work through interactive augmented reality (AR) simulations and real-life case studies.
• Enhance: deepen understanding by reflecting on advanced applications, ethical issues and the future of regenerative medicine.
  In addition, this methodology will be implemented with practical exercises on how to use Augmented Reality technology.

Upon completion, students will not only understand what stem cells are and how to use AR technology, but also how science is trying to use them to solve some of the biggest challenges in healthcare.

Every human body is made up of trillions of cells, each with a specific role: muscle cells contract, skin cells protect, and nerve cells transmit signals. Most of these cells are specialised: once they become a certain type of cell, they cannot change.