Once students understand the basics, they step into the shoes of scientists through interactive practice.

In an AR laboratory simulation, learners shrink down to the scale of a cell. They can see the double helix of DNA, locate the faulty HBB gene, and then use a virtual CRISPR system to cut and repair it. As they complete the mission, they watch corrected cells begin to produce healthy hemoglobin.

This exercise transforms abstract science into something visible and hands-on. AR turns invisible molecules into dynamic 3D experiences.

Alongside the simulation, students analyze real case studies of thalassaemia patients who have already benefited from experimental gene therapies (Cavazza et al., 2016). For a tangible classroom activity, they can also build DNA models with beads or colored strips to simulate the difference between faulty and corrected sequences.

Through these activities, students don’t just learn about gene therapy — they experience how it works, and why it offers so much hope.