The Human Genome Project (HGP) was one of the most important scientific achievements of modern science. It changed how we understand human biology and helped develop new areas such as precision medicine, bioinformatics, and ethical rules for sharing genetic data (Collins et al., 2003). Through this learning unit, students explored not only the main scientific results of the HGP, but also the wider context in which the project was carried out. This included global cooperation between countries, rapid technological progress, and ethical challenges connected to large-scale research.

By using augmented reality tools such as MoleculAR and Genome AR, students were able to explore complex genomic concepts in an interactive way. These tools helped learners visualise DNA structures, understand sequencing processes, and connect theory with real biomedical examples. Activities focused on ethical dilemmas, genome exploration, and international collaboration allowed students to experience the scientific and social challenges faced during the Human Genome Project.

As a result, this unit supported the development of scientific literacy, critical thinking, ethical awareness, and digital skills. Students learned how genomic data is collected, analysed, and shared, and why this information must be used responsibly in modern medicine and biotechnology (Green & Guyer, 2015). The Human Genome Project continues to influence many fields, including healthcare, agriculture, and ancestry research.

At the end of the unit, students are encouraged to reflect on how current topics such as gene editing, data privacy, and equal access to medical technologies are connected to the legacy of the HGP. Understanding this connection helps learners become informed and responsible participants in future discussions about science, technology, and society.

Phase Description
Explore

- Research and Discovery: students explore the Human Genome Project using NHGRI fact sheets, short educational videos, and visual timelines. These materials introduce the main goals, timeline, and scientific importance of the HGP.

- Content Development: Teachers guide discussions using interactive timelines and historical examples. Ethical questions related to genome research, privacy, and data use are introduced to prepare students for later reflection.

- Needs Analysis: Students’ prior knowledge of DNA, genes, and genomics is assessed through short discussions or diagnostic questions. This helps teachers identify gaps in understanding and adapt explanations and AR activities accordingly.
Execute


- Curriculum Implementation: Students take part in guided lessons supported by AR modules. Using tools such as MoleculAR and Genome AR, they explore DNA structure, sequencing processes, and genomic regions connected to real-world examples.

- Interactive Exercises: Learners complete a virtual sequencing lab, take part in ethics debates, and engage in AR-based role-play activities. Gene hunting missions allow students to locate specific genes and link them to traits or diseases, reinforcing key concepts from the Explore phase.

- Feedback Collection:Understanding is supported through student reflections, peer feedback during group tasks, and teacher feedback after discussions and AR activities.
Enhance

- AR Integration: MoleculAR and Genome AR are used to deepen understanding through interactive 3D exploration of DNA, proteins, and genomic regions. Students can rotate, zoom, and manipulate models to strengthen spatial and conceptual understanding.

- Interactive Learning: Learners independently explore AR content at their own pace, revisiting complex topics such as sequencing, gene function, and genomic organisation. 

Gamified Content:

-Points and Badges
Students earn badges for completing AR tasks, solving challenges, and correctly identifying genomic features. Classroom leaderboards can be used to increase motivation.
-Leaderboards
Visual rankings show progress and achievements based on completed AR activities and challenges.
-Quests and Levels
Mission-based learning is used, where students unlock new genomic tasks and challenges as they progress through levels.
-Rewards for Exploration
 Additional AR content or datasets are unlocked when students complete optional exploration or reflection tasks.
-Collaborative Gamified Tasks
Students work in teams on genome analysis tasks or simulations, encouraging communication, cooperation, and shared problem-solving.

AR-Based Assessments: Assessment includes AR-based visual walkthroughs, peer-reviewed group projects, and multimedia reflections. These formats allow students to demonstrate understanding through explanation, visual evidence, and discussion rather than memorisation alone.